Comparison of Bluetooth Technology Implementation using BLE and Bluetooth Classic Protocols in Pelican Crossing
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33795/jartel.v15i1.5981Keywords:
Bluetooth, BLE, Bluetooth Classic, Pelican Crossing, Protocol ComparisonAbstract
To address the 34.60% surge in Indonesian traffic accidents recorded by Korlantas Polri, which resulted in over 19,000 fatalities, this research developed a smart pelican crossing prototype comparing Bluetooth Classic and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) protocols to enhance pedestrian safety. Utilizing the Science and Technology Development Research method, the study evaluated both protocols across distances ranging from 30 cm to 450 cm under both unobstructed and obstructed conditions. Experimental results demonstrated that BLE offers a superior detection range, achieving average success rates of 92.67% in unobstructed environments and 78.67% with obstacles. Conversely, Bluetooth Classic exhibited higher average received power values of -83.22 dBm and -89.56 dBm, respectively. Crucially, Bluetooth Classic demonstrated significantly greater operational efficiency for users, requiring only 6 seconds and 4 touches for application access and installation, whereas BLE required 86 seconds and 8 touches. Although BLE provides a broader detection range, this study concludes that Bluetooth Classic is more suitable for public implementation by government authorities due to its rapid connection speed and superior user accessibility. This technological intervention serves as a vital infrastructure solution for protecting vulnerable road users, ensuring greater safety for pedestrians with specific restrictions, and reducing fatalities at high-risk highway crossings.
References
Espressif Systems, "Espressif," 2 February 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.espressif.com/sites/default/files/documentation/esp32-wroom-32_datasheet_en.pdf. [Accessed 30 March 2023].
R. Ahmad, R. Riai Oktavianus Sasue, D. Wahyu Hidayat, A. Soimun, A. Prima Gilang Rupaka, Y. Oktopianto and A. Budi Sulistyo, "Pedestrian User- Friendly Intelligent Crossing Advance for Improved Safety," Jurnal Keselamatan Transportasi Jalan, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 71-79, 2022.
M. Azzam, "Pelican Crossing Depan Lapangan Karangpawitan Dirusak, Masyarakat Kesulitan Menyeberang Jalan," TribunBekasi.com, 23 October 2021. [Online]. Available: https://bekasi.tribunnews.com/2021/10/23/pelican-crossing-depan-lapangan-kara ngpawitan-dirusak-masyarakat-kesulitan-menyeberang- jalan. [Accessed 26 March 2023].
D. Bazaraa, "Light-Fingered Thieves Steal 10 Signal Boxes from Same Pelican Crossing That They Then Sell on EBay as Novelty Doorbells in £32,000 Spree," DailyMail, 25 November 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-11469141/ Thieves-steal-10-signal-boxes-pelican-crossing-sell- eBay-32-000-spree.html. [Accessed 25 March 2023].
C.-R. Dow, H.-H. Ngo, L.-H. Lee, P.-Y. Lai, K.-C.Wang and V.-T. Bui, "A Crosswalk Pedestrian Recognition System by Using Deep Learning and Zebra- Crossing Recognition Techiniques," Software: Practice and Experience, vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 630-644, 2019.
M. Helmi, "PARAH...!! Fasilitas Pelican Crossing Penyebrang Jalan Tak Ada yang Berfungsi," Radar Banjarmasin, 22 July 2022. [Online]. Available: https://radarbanjarmasin.jawapos.com/banua/15/07/202 2/parah-fasilitas-pelican-crossing-penyebrang-jalan-tak- ada-yang-berfungsi/. [Accessed 24 March 2023].
Muliadi, A. Imran and M. Rasul, "Pengembangan Tempat Sampah Pintar Menggunakan ESP32," Jurnal Media Elektrik, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 73-79, 2020.
N. Polri, "World Day of Remembrance for Road Traffic Victim, Korlantas: Fatalitas Kecelakaan Bermula dari Sebuah Pelanggaran," 19 November 2022. [Online]. Available: https://ntmcpolri.info/world-day-of-rememb rance-for-road-traffic-victim-korlantas-fatalitas-kecela kaan-bermula-dari-sebuah-pelanggaran/. [Accessed 16 February 2023].
M. Purnawarman, E. Prasetyo Wibowo, S. Bahri Musa and I. Baihaqi, "Pelican Crossing System for Control A Green Man Light With Predicted Age," MATRIK: Jurnal Manajemen, Teknik Informatika, dan Rekayasa Komputer, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 293-306, 2022.
Rokom, "Kasus COVID-19 Varian Baru Masih Ditemukan, Perkuat dengan Vaksinasi," Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 21 February 2023. [Online]. Available: https://sehatnegeriku.kemkes.go.id/baca/rilis-media/20230221/3042441/kasus-covid- 19-varian-baru-masih-ditemukan-perkuat-dengan- vaksinasi/. [Accessed 1 April 2023].
W. Sahari and S. Widodo, "Kajian Kebutuhan Fasilitas Penyeberangan Pada Ruas Jalan Di Area Komersial Kota Pontianak (Studi Kasus: Jl. Teuku Umar – Jl. Hos Cokroaminoto, Kota Pontianak)," JeLAST : Jurnal PWK, Laut, Sipil, Tambang, vol. 2, no. 2, 2016.
D. P. U. D. J. B. M. D. B. Teknik, Tata Cara Perencanaan Fasilitas Pejalan Kaki di Kawasan Perkotaan, Jakarta, 1995.
K. Townsend, C. Cufi, A. and R. Davidson, "Protocol Basics," in Getting Started with Bluetooth Low Energy: Tools and Techniques for Low-Power Networking, Sebastopol, CA, O’Reilly Media, Inc., 2014, pp. 15-34.
M. Zhang, J. Zhao, S. Chen and W. Gong, "Reliable Backscatter with Commodity BLE," in IEEE INFOCOM 2020 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications, Toronto, 2020.
WHO, Global Status Report on Road Safety, Switzerland: WHO, 2018.
M. Rusdi and A. Yani, "Sistem Kendali Peralatan Elektronik Melalui Media Bluetooth Menggunakan Voice Recognition," Journal of Electrical Technology, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 27-33, 2018.
