Pengaruh Komposisi Sampah dan Feeding Rate terhadap Proses Biokonversi Sampah Organik oleh Larva Black Soldier Fly (BSF)

Rini Hartono; Anita Dwi Anggrainy; Arseto Yekti Bagastyo

doi:10.33795/jtkl.v5i2.231

Authors

Rini Hartono 1Departemen Teknik Lingkungan, Fakultas Teknik Sipil, Lingkungan, dan Kebumian, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Anita Dwi Anggrainy Pusat Penelitian Infrastruktur dan Lingkungan Berkelanjutan, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Arseto Yekti Bagastyo 1Departemen Teknik Lingkungan, Fakultas Teknik Sipil, Lingkungan, dan Kebumian, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33795/jtkl.v5i2.231

Keywords:

Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae, feeding rate, organic waste, waste composition

Abstract

Biokonversi oleh larva Black Soldier Fly (BSF) menjadi metode pilihan untuk pengolahan sampah organik. Metode ini meliputi proses reduksi jumlah sampah yang dihasilkan masyarakat, pembentukan kompos dari residu sampah yang tidak terdegradasi oleh BSF, dan pertumbuhan larva BSF yang dapat digunakan untuk pakan hewan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi seberapa besar pengaruh komposisi sampah dan feeding rate terhadap tingkat reduksi dan biokonversi sampah. Variabel penelitian berupa (i) komposisi sampah, yakni campuran 30% sampah sisa makanan (SM) dengan 70% sampah sayur (SY) atau sampah buah (B) atau sampah kebun (K), dan (ii) feeding rate (20, 35, dan 50 mg sampah organik/larva.hari). Penelitian ini dilakukan pada skala laboratorium selama 12 hari dengan menggunakan 300 ekor larva/bioreaktor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa larva yang diberi campuran SM:SY dapat menghasilkan persentase reduksi sampah paling tinggi (81,98%), diikuti oleh campuran SM:B sebesar 81,23%, dan SM:K sebesar 42,71%. Ditinjau dari berat akhir larva, tingkat biokonversi tertinggi didapat pada campuran SM:B dan feeding rate 35 mg sampah/larva.hari, sedangkan tingkat biokonversi terendah didapat dari campuran SM:K dan feeding rate 50 mg sampah/larva.hari. Analisis protein menunjukkan bahwa semua larva BSF dari tiap campuran sampah layak dimanfaatkan sebagai pakan hewan, karena memiliki kandungan protein antara 34– 59%.

Bioconversion method using Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae has become of great interest in organic waste treatment. This method comprises of the municipal waste reduction process, the compost production from undegraded waste, and the growth of BSF larvae that can be used further as animal feed. This study evalutes the effect of waste composition and feeding rate on the waste reduction and bioconversion level. The evaluations were done on some variables: (i) waste composition (30% food waste and 70% vegetables waste (SY) or fruit waste (B) or garden waste (K), (ii) feeding rate (20, 35, and 50 mg waste/larva.day).The experiments were conducted in a laboratory scale for 12 days using 300 larvae/bioreactor. The results show that the larvae that has been fed with SM:SY obtained the highest waste reduction (81.98%), followed by SM:B (81.23%) and SM:K (42.71%). Based on the final larvae weight, the highest bioconversion level was acquired on the SM:B composition and feeding rate of 35 mg waste/larva.day, whereas the lowest bioconversion was measured on the SM:K composition and feeding rate of 50 mg waste/larva.day. The protein analyses describes that all larvae are applicable for animal feed due to protein contents of 34–59%.

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