Peningkatan Karakteristik Biodegradable Plastics dari Kulit Pisang Candi dengan Penambahan Filler Kalsium Silikat dan Clay

Abstract

Biodegradable  plastics adalah plastik yang memiliki sifat ramah lingkungan. Kulit pisang candi berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan bioplastik karena mengandung pati sebesar 28,488 %. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh plasticizer (sorbitol) dan filler (kalsium silikat dan clay) terhadap kuat tarik, % elongasi, % biodegradasi dan % absorpsi bioplastik.  Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, semakin banyak filler clay atau kalsium silikat maka bioplastik memiliki kuat tarik yang besar dan % elongasi yang semakin kecil. Semakin banyak clay yang ditambahkan maka semakin besar daya absorpsi terhadap air, namun semakin banyak kalsium silikat yang ditambahkan maka semakin kecil daya absorpsi terhadap air. Semakin banyak filler kalsium silikat dan clay maka semakin kecil % biodegradasi bioplastik. Semakin banyak jumlah sorbitol yang ditambahkan maka semakin besar % elongasi, % biodegradasi dan % water absorption namun semakin kecil % kuat tarik. Bioplastik dengan penambahan filler kalsium silikat memiliki kuat tarik antara 4,11-22,08 Mpa, % elongasi antara 2,17%-57,95%, % water absorption antara 67,26%-120% dan %biodegradasi antara 0,61%-19,22%. Bioplastik dengan penambahan filler clay memiliki kuat tarik antara 2,38-14,05 Mpa, %elongasi antara 2,11%-46,24%, % water absorption antara 79,07%-150,67% dan %biodegradasi antara 1,17%-34,54%.

Biodegradable plastics is plastic which has environmentally properties. Candi banana peels potential to be used as a basic material for making bioplastics because it contains 28,488% starch. The aims of our research is to determine the effect of plasticizer (sorbitol) and filler (calcium silicate and clay) on tensile strength, elongation (%), biodegradation (%) and bioplastic absorption (%). Based on the result, the more amount of calcium silicate or clay filler added, the larger tensile strength and the smaller % elongation. The more amount of clay added, the greater absorption capacity of water, but the more calcium silicate added, the smaller absorption capacity of water. The more amount calcium silicate filler added, the smaller the biodegradation of bioplastic, but in the data based on clay filler, % biodegradation decreased. The more amount of sorbitol added, the greater % elongation, % biodegradation and % water absorption, but the smaller % tensile strength. Bioplastics with calcium silicate as filler has tensile strength between 4.11-22.08 Mpa, % elongation between 2.17% -57.95%, % water absorption between 67.26% -120% and % biodegradation between 0.61-19.22%. Bioplastics with clay as filler has tensile strength between 2.38-14.05 MPa, % elongation between 2.11%-46.24%, % water absorption between 79.07%-150.67% and % biodegradation between 1,17% -34.54%.