Hybrid Composite of Biomass-Derived Activated Carbon and Mg/Al Hydrotalcite for Caffeine Adsorption from Aqueous Solutions

Estin Nofiyanti; Noer Laelly Barorroh Taufik Abdul Ghofur; Dian Utami

doi:10.33795/jtkl.v10i1.8795

Authors

Estin Nofiyanti Program Study of Environmental Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Tasikmalaya, Tamansari Street KM. 2, Tasikmalaya City 46196, Indonesia
Noer Laelly Barorroh Taufik Abdul Ghofur Program Study of Environmental Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Tasikmalaya, Tamansari Street KM. 2, Tasikmalaya City 46196, Indonesia
Dian Utami Program Study of Environmental Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Tasikmalaya, Tamansari Street KM. 2, Tasikmalaya City 46196, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33795/jtkl.v10i1.8795

Keywords:

adsorption, caffeine, isotherm, jengkol peel, kinetics

Abstract

This study investigated the adsorption performance of activated carbon (AC) derived from jengkol (Pithecellobium jiringa) peel and its composites with Mg/Al hydrotalcite (HT) for caffeine removal from aqueous solutions. The adsorbents were characterized using FTIR, XRD, and SEM-EDX, confirming the presence of –OH groups, M–O–M bonding, and layered porous morphology. Batch adsorption experiments evaluated the effects of contact time, pH, and initial concentration. AC showed the highest removal efficiency (96.44% at 3 ppm), while ACHT 12 demonstrated stable performance at moderate concentrations and fit well to the Langmuir isotherm (R² = 0.9609) and pseudo-second-order kinetics (R² = 0.9912). ACHT 21 followed the Freundlich model (R² = 0.7758), indicating heterogeneous multilayer adsorption. Optimal adsorption occurred in acidic conditions (pH 3–5), which reflects the characteristics of pharmaceutical wastewater. The results confirm the potential of jengkol-based adsorbents as low-cost, sustainable alternatives for caffeine-contaminated water treatment.

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