Isotherm and Kinetic Adsorption of Nitrogen–Doped Carbon for Remazol Brilliant Blue R Dye

Susanto Susanto; Handoko Desta Priadi; Mahhathir Muhammad; Agus  Jalaluddin; Ricka Prasdiantika

doi:10.33795/jtkl.v10i1.8871

Authors

Susanto Susanto Department of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Malang, Jl. Soekarno Hatta No. 9, Malang 65141, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0862-5622
Handoko Desta Priadi Department of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Malang, Jl. Soekarno Hatta No. 9, Malang 65141, Indonesia
Mahhathir Muhammad Department of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Malang, Jl. Soekarno Hatta No. 9, Malang 65141, Indonesia
Agus Jalaluddin Department of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Malang, Jl. Soekarno Hatta No. 9, Malang 65141, Indonesia
Ricka Prasdiantika Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Analysis, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surakarta, Jl. Letjend Sutoyo, Surakarta 57127, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33795/jtkl.v10i1.8871

Keywords:

adsorption, nitrogen–doped carbon, oil palm empty fruit bunch, Remazol Brilliant Blue R, wastewater treatment

Abstract

Industrial textile effluents containing Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) represent a significant environmental challenge due to their persistent nature and resistance to conventional biological treatment methods. This research explores the development of nitrogen-enriched carbon materials derived from palm oil empty fruit bunch (PEFB) cellulose as an effective adsorbent for RBBR elimination from contaminated water systems. The synthesized material was produced through thermal treatment at 700°C, enabling the formation of pyridinic nitrogen groups that improve surface alkalinity and create electron-rich active sites. Material characterization employed XRD, FTIR, and SEM-EDS techniques to evaluate structural and chemical properties. Laboratory-scale adsorption studies examined the influence of starting dye concentrations (100-500 mg/L) and reaction duration (10-120 minutes). Results demonstrated optimal fitting with the Freundlich isotherm model (qₘ = 434.78 mg/g) and pseudo-second-order kinetics, suggesting heterogeneous multilayer adsorption dominated by chemical bonding mechanisms. The proposed interaction mechanism involves electrostatic attraction between RBBR sulfonate functionalities and protonated pyridinic nitrogen sites under pH 6 conditions.

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