Advanced Optimization of Solar Panel Efficiency Using Novel Incremental Conductance MPPT Techniques

Abstract

Photovoltaic (PV) is an unlimited and popular resource because it does not require high maintenance costs and is emission free. Photovoltaic modules are affected by changes in sunlight intensity, so a method is needed to find the maximum power point of the photovoltaic module. Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) is one of the methods used to find the maximum power point on a Photovoltaic module. By connecting current and voltage sensors on the input side of the converter to be read by the microcontroller and connected to the buck converter circuit and applying the incremental conductance method to the microcontroller to regulate the output voltage of the buck converter by adjusting the duty cycle on the PWM generated by the microcontroller. By comparing power gradients, this method can efficiently track the MPP and optimize the power generated by the solar panels. After testing and analysis, the incremental conductance method provides an efficiency maximum until 99%, as evidenced by a comparison of the power values. By using MPPT, the output power of solar panels can be optimized at 42.24 Watt with an accumulator load of 12 volts.