Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose: This study evaluates digital transparency and accountability across Indonesia’s major Zakat Management Institutions (ZMIs) using the Digital Transparency and Accountability Index for Zakat (DTAI-Z).
Method: A comparative quantitative-content evaluation assesses 20 standardized indicators across financial disclosure, CRM/impact loops, and digital governance on primary web platforms.
Results: The evaluation reveals that leading Indonesian ZMIs demonstrate high overall digital compliance, achieving Grade A+ and Grade A status, while identifying critical operational variances in fund-allocation tracking and transaction fee disclosures.
Novelty: It introduces a multi-dimensional digital verification framework specifically tailored for Islamic Non-Profit Organizations (NPOs).
Contribution: Findings guide national regulators and amil executives in standardizing digital disclosures to strengthen public trust and national zakat mobilization.
Abstrak
Tujuan: Penelitian ini mengevaluasi transparansi dan akuntabilitas digital pada Lembaga Pengelola Zakat (LPZ) utama di Indonesia menggunakan Digital Transparency and Accountability Index for Zakat (DTAI-Z).
Metode: Evaluasi konten kuantitatif komparatif mengukur 20 indikator terstandar pada dimensi pengungkapan keuangan, dampak/CRM, dan tata kelola digital di platform web primer.
Hasil: Evaluasi ini mengungkapkan bahwa LPZ utama di Indonesia menunjukkan kepatuhan digital secara keseluruhan yang tinggi dengan meraih status Grade A+ dan Grade A, sekaligus mengidentifikasi variasi operasional yang krusial pada pelacakan alokasi dana dan pengungkapan biaya transaksi.
Kebaruan: Penelitian ini menyajikan kerangka verifikasi digital multidimensi yang dirancang khusus untuk Organisasi Nirlaba Islam.
Kontribusi: Hasil studi ini menjadi panduan bagi regulator dan pengelola amil dalam memformulasikan standar pengungkapan digital guna memperkuat kepercayaan publik dan mobilisasi zakat nasional.
Keywords
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Rizky Arifandi, Haris Lloyd, Adnan Salaudeen

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
- Ikatan Akuntan Indonesia. PSAK 409: Akuntansi Zakat, Infak, dan Sedekah (ZIS). Jakarta: 2025.
- Ikatan Akuntan Indonesia. PSAK 401: Penyajian dan Pengungkapan Laporan Keuangan Syariah. Jakarta: 2025.
- Dethier F, Delcourt C, Huybrechts B. Toward a Normative Approach of Nonprofit Organizations’ Transparency: Conceptualization and Index. Volunt Int J Volunt Nonprofit Organ 2025;36:758–775. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-025-00761-z.
- Adiguna R, Iman N, Rachmiadi RL. The ontological impasse in Islamic business scholarship: evidence from a systematic review of JIABR (2010–2025). J Islam Account Bus Res 2026:1–26. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-07-2025-0471.
- Amelia Seyla Rizky, Dewi Miranti Kartika. How a nonprofit organization delivers online accountability through social media. Int Rev Public Nonprofit Mark 2021;18:317–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12208-021-00274-7.
- Khalid AA, Sarea AM. Independence and effectiveness in internal Shariah audit with insights drawn from Islamic agency theory. Int J Law Manag 2021;63:332–46.
- Saputra A, Putra P. Islamic Social Reporting Index as a Model for Measuring the Social Performance of Islamic Banking. Res Islam Econ 2025;3:37–45. https://doi.org/10.58777/rie.v3i1.474.
- Susilowati D, Setyorini CT. EFEKTIVITAS TATA KELOLA DANA ZAKAT. J Akunt Multiparadigma 2018;9:346–364. https://doi.org/10.18202/jamal.2018.04.9021.
- Hasyim S. ACT’s Scandal Damages Islamic Philanthropy in Indonesia. Fulcrum Anal Southeast Asia 2022.
- Sepulcri L, Mainardes E, Pascuci L. Non-profit Brand Orientation as a Strategic Communication Approach. Int J Strateg Commun 2022;16:572–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/1553118X.2022.2058948.
- BAZNAS RI. Indeks Zakat Nasional (IZN) 2023. Jakarta: 2023.
- Kasri RA, Sosianti MW. Determinants of the Intention to Pay Zakat Online: The Case of Indonesia. J Islam Monet Econ Financ 2023;9.
- Herianingrum S, Supriani I, Sukmana R, Effendie E, Widiastuti T, Fauzi Q, et al. Zakat as an instrument of poverty reduction in Indonesia. J Islam Account Bus Res 2024;15:643–60.
- Platonova E, Asutay M, Dixon R, Mohammad S. The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure on Financial Performance: Evidence from the GCC Islamic Banking Sector. J Bus Ethics 2018;151:451–71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3229-0.
- The Jakarta Post. Poor act of philanthropy. Jakarta Post 2022.
- The Jakarta Post. ACT leaders accused of misusing donations for personal luxury. Jakarta Post 2022.
- Nguyen T, Soobaroyen T. To what extent do governance, government funding and chief executive officer characteristics influence executive compensation in U.K. charities? Insights from the social theory of agency. Financ Account Manag 2020;38:56–76. https://doi.org/10.1111/faam.12268.
- Pusat Kajian Strategis BAZNAS. Outlook Zakat Indonesia 2021. Jakarta: 2021.
- Bin-Nashwan SA, Abdul-Jabbar H, Aziz SA. Does trust in zakat institution enhance entrepreneurs’ zakat compliance? J Islam Account Bus Res 2021;12:768–90.
- Ahmed N, Azim K, Jafor AHM, Shayed A, Hossain MA, Khan O. Digital Transformation in Non-Profit Organizations: Strategies, Challenges, and Successes 2024. https://doi.org/10.62127/aijmr.2024.v02i05.1097.
- Dardis FE, Buckley C, Mitra P, Heaton C, Xiao A. Improving nonprofit engagement on social media: Using big data, machine-learning, and sentiment analysis to evaluate leading nonprofits’ message strategies on Twitter/X. Int J Inf Technol 2025;17:395–407.
- Tremblay-Boire J, Prakash A. Will you trust me?: How individual American donors respond to informational signals regarding local and global humanitarian charities. Volunt Int J Volunt Nonprofit Organ 2017;28:621–47.
- Wahab AW, Mahdiya I. Digital Shariah governance and the future of Islamic finance: A framework for AI-driven Shariah compliance in a global regulatory environment. Int J Islam Financ 2025;3:19–31.
- Labbafi C. Let{’{}} s Get in Touch: The Impact of Branding Touchpoints on Nonprofit Brand Consideration. J Nonprofit & Public Sect Mark 2026;38:423–59.
- Mutaqin M, Yandri P. Analysis of Transparency Index Measurement of Amil Zakat Institutions in Indonesia. J Ekon Syariah Teor Dan Terap 2024;11:1.
- Zainuddin S, Rahman M, Darus M, Mihai Yiannaki S, Che Aziz R, Adeneye Y, et al. The Role of Digital Transformation in Enhancing Financial Accountability and Donor Engagement in Waqf Institutions, 2025, p. 295–304. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-91424-9_28.
- Rachman MA, Salam AN. The Reinforcement of Zakat Management through Financial Technology Systems: International Journal of Zakat| ISSN: 2548 2335| Vol. 3 (1) 2018. Int J Zakat 2018;3:57–69.
- Adiwijaya Z, Suprianto E. Good Governance of Zakat Institutions: A Literature Review. J Southwest Jiaotong Univ 2020;55. https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.55.2.38.
- BAZNAS RI. Peraturan BAZNAS Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Tentang Pelaporan Pelaksanaan Pengelolaan Zakat, Infak, Sedekah, dan Dana Sosial Keagamaan Lainnya. Jakarta: 2023.
- Muis A, Fausi M. Efisiensi Empat Lembaga Amil Zakat (LAZ) Terbesar di Indonesia: Studi Komparatif Menggunakan Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Tasharruf J Islam Econ Bus 2025;6:47–54. https://doi.org/10.55757/tasharruf.v6i1.1091.
- Moreno-Albarracín A, Licerán-Gutiérrez A, Ortega Rodríguez C, Labella Á, Rodríguez R. Measuring What Is Not Seen—Transparency and Good Governance Nonprofit Indicators to Overcome the Limitations of Accounting Models. Sustainability 2020;12:7275. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12187275.
- Taha R, Adam F, Ali NNM, Ariff AM. Religiosity and transparency in the management of zakat institutions. J Leg Ethical & Regul Isses 2017;20:1.
References
Ikatan Akuntan Indonesia. PSAK 409: Akuntansi Zakat, Infak, dan Sedekah (ZIS). Jakarta: 2025.
Ikatan Akuntan Indonesia. PSAK 401: Penyajian dan Pengungkapan Laporan Keuangan Syariah. Jakarta: 2025.
Dethier F, Delcourt C, Huybrechts B. Toward a Normative Approach of Nonprofit Organizations’ Transparency: Conceptualization and Index. Volunt Int J Volunt Nonprofit Organ 2025;36:758–775. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-025-00761-z.
Adiguna R, Iman N, Rachmiadi RL. The ontological impasse in Islamic business scholarship: evidence from a systematic review of JIABR (2010–2025). J Islam Account Bus Res 2026:1–26. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-07-2025-0471.
Amelia Seyla Rizky, Dewi Miranti Kartika. How a nonprofit organization delivers online accountability through social media. Int Rev Public Nonprofit Mark 2021;18:317–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12208-021-00274-7.
Khalid AA, Sarea AM. Independence and effectiveness in internal Shariah audit with insights drawn from Islamic agency theory. Int J Law Manag 2021;63:332–46.
Saputra A, Putra P. Islamic Social Reporting Index as a Model for Measuring the Social Performance of Islamic Banking. Res Islam Econ 2025;3:37–45. https://doi.org/10.58777/rie.v3i1.474.
Susilowati D, Setyorini CT. EFEKTIVITAS TATA KELOLA DANA ZAKAT. J Akunt Multiparadigma 2018;9:346–364. https://doi.org/10.18202/jamal.2018.04.9021.
Hasyim S. ACT’s Scandal Damages Islamic Philanthropy in Indonesia. Fulcrum Anal Southeast Asia 2022.
Sepulcri L, Mainardes E, Pascuci L. Non-profit Brand Orientation as a Strategic Communication Approach. Int J Strateg Commun 2022;16:572–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/1553118X.2022.2058948.
BAZNAS RI. Indeks Zakat Nasional (IZN) 2023. Jakarta: 2023.
Kasri RA, Sosianti MW. Determinants of the Intention to Pay Zakat Online: The Case of Indonesia. J Islam Monet Econ Financ 2023;9.
Herianingrum S, Supriani I, Sukmana R, Effendie E, Widiastuti T, Fauzi Q, et al. Zakat as an instrument of poverty reduction in Indonesia. J Islam Account Bus Res 2024;15:643–60.
Platonova E, Asutay M, Dixon R, Mohammad S. The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure on Financial Performance: Evidence from the GCC Islamic Banking Sector. J Bus Ethics 2018;151:451–71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3229-0.
The Jakarta Post. Poor act of philanthropy. Jakarta Post 2022.
The Jakarta Post. ACT leaders accused of misusing donations for personal luxury. Jakarta Post 2022.
Nguyen T, Soobaroyen T. To what extent do governance, government funding and chief executive officer characteristics influence executive compensation in U.K. charities? Insights from the social theory of agency. Financ Account Manag 2020;38:56–76. https://doi.org/10.1111/faam.12268.
Pusat Kajian Strategis BAZNAS. Outlook Zakat Indonesia 2021. Jakarta: 2021.
Bin-Nashwan SA, Abdul-Jabbar H, Aziz SA. Does trust in zakat institution enhance entrepreneurs’ zakat compliance? J Islam Account Bus Res 2021;12:768–90.
Ahmed N, Azim K, Jafor AHM, Shayed A, Hossain MA, Khan O. Digital Transformation in Non-Profit Organizations: Strategies, Challenges, and Successes 2024. https://doi.org/10.62127/aijmr.2024.v02i05.1097.
Dardis FE, Buckley C, Mitra P, Heaton C, Xiao A. Improving nonprofit engagement on social media: Using big data, machine-learning, and sentiment analysis to evaluate leading nonprofits’ message strategies on Twitter/X. Int J Inf Technol 2025;17:395–407.
Tremblay-Boire J, Prakash A. Will you trust me?: How individual American donors respond to informational signals regarding local and global humanitarian charities. Volunt Int J Volunt Nonprofit Organ 2017;28:621–47.
Wahab AW, Mahdiya I. Digital Shariah governance and the future of Islamic finance: A framework for AI-driven Shariah compliance in a global regulatory environment. Int J Islam Financ 2025;3:19–31.
Labbafi C. Let{’{}} s Get in Touch: The Impact of Branding Touchpoints on Nonprofit Brand Consideration. J Nonprofit & Public Sect Mark 2026;38:423–59.
Mutaqin M, Yandri P. Analysis of Transparency Index Measurement of Amil Zakat Institutions in Indonesia. J Ekon Syariah Teor Dan Terap 2024;11:1.
Zainuddin S, Rahman M, Darus M, Mihai Yiannaki S, Che Aziz R, Adeneye Y, et al. The Role of Digital Transformation in Enhancing Financial Accountability and Donor Engagement in Waqf Institutions, 2025, p. 295–304. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-91424-9_28.
Rachman MA, Salam AN. The Reinforcement of Zakat Management through Financial Technology Systems: International Journal of Zakat| ISSN: 2548 2335| Vol. 3 (1) 2018. Int J Zakat 2018;3:57–69.
Adiwijaya Z, Suprianto E. Good Governance of Zakat Institutions: A Literature Review. J Southwest Jiaotong Univ 2020;55. https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.55.2.38.
BAZNAS RI. Peraturan BAZNAS Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Tentang Pelaporan Pelaksanaan Pengelolaan Zakat, Infak, Sedekah, dan Dana Sosial Keagamaan Lainnya. Jakarta: 2023.
Muis A, Fausi M. Efisiensi Empat Lembaga Amil Zakat (LAZ) Terbesar di Indonesia: Studi Komparatif Menggunakan Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Tasharruf J Islam Econ Bus 2025;6:47–54. https://doi.org/10.55757/tasharruf.v6i1.1091.
Moreno-Albarracín A, Licerán-Gutiérrez A, Ortega Rodríguez C, Labella Á, Rodríguez R. Measuring What Is Not Seen—Transparency and Good Governance Nonprofit Indicators to Overcome the Limitations of Accounting Models. Sustainability 2020;12:7275. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12187275.
Taha R, Adam F, Ali NNM, Ariff AM. Religiosity and transparency in the management of zakat institutions. J Leg Ethical & Regul Isses 2017;20:1.
