Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose: This study examines how accountability is understood within the socio-cultural realities of Microfinance Institutions (MIs) in Bali.
Method: The informants’ perspectives were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.
Results: Three themes emerged: value-laden accounting reflecting customary community characteristics; oversight safeguarding community trust; and socio-cultural responsibility expressed through support for activities grounded in Tri Hita Karana.
Novelty: The study interprets accountability through the values of Tri Hita Karana in customary community institutions, rather than proposing a new concept of Tri Hita Karana.
Contribution: Socio-cultural accountability can strengthen trust within customary communities and support sustainable village development.
Abstrak:
Tujuan: Penelitian ini mengkaji pemaknaan akuntabilitas dalam realitas sosio-kultural Lembaga Perkreditan Desa (LPD) di Bali.
Metode: Pandangan informan dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik reflektif.
Hasil: Tiga tema ditemukan: akuntansi yang sarat nilai dan mencerminkan karakteristik masyarakat adat; pengawasan untuk menjaga kepercayaan masyarakat; serta tanggung jawab sosio-kultural melalui dukungan terhadap aktivitas berlandaskan Tri Hita Karana.
Kebaruan: Penelitian ini memaknai akuntabilitas melalui nilai-nilai Tri Hita Karana dalam lembaga komunitas adat, bukan mengusulkan konsep Tri Hita Karana yang baru.
Kontribusi: Akuntabilitas berbasis sosio kultural menumbuhkan kepercayaan masyarakat adat untuk mewujudkan pembangunan desa
Keywords
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2026 I Made Bagiada, I Nyoman Darmayasa, Made Andy Pradana Sukarta, Dewa Ayu Mas Putriari Nusantari

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
- Abdul-Rahman, A. R., & Goddard, A. (1998). An Interpretive Inquiry of Accounting Practices in Religious Organisations. Financial Accountability and Management, 14(3), 183–201. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0408.00060
- Ahmed, Z. U., Hopper, T., & Wickramasinghe, D. (2023). From Minnow to Mighty: A hegemonic analysis of social accountability in BRAC - the world’s largest development NGO. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 92(July 2022), 102503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2022.102503
- Al-Faryan, M. A. S. (2024). Agency theory, corporate governance and corruption: an integrative literature review approach. Cogent Social Sciences, 10(1), 2337893. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2024.2337893
- Al-Gamrh, B., Farooq, U., & Ahsan, T. (2024). Beyond the balance sheet: Assessing corporate governance through the Lens of debtholders. International Review of Financial Analysis, 96(PA), 103625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2024.103625
- Alawattage, C., Graham, C., & Wickramasinghe, D. (2019). Microaccountability and biopolitics: Microfinance in a Sri Lankan village. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 72, 38–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2018.05.008
- Alazzeh, D., & Uddin, S. (2025). Accountability and sovereignty: Financial controls in the Palestine-Israel Indigenous-settler relationship. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 101(December 2024), 102784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2024.102784
- Ardiana, P. A., Sujana, I. K., Natalia, S. A. P. D., & Yanthi, K. D. L. (2026). Tri Hita Karana: Balinese local wisdom and its role in the triumph over corruption. Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change, February 2025, 1832–5912. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAOC-11-2023-0182
- Ashta, A., & Parekh, N. (2023). Community Leadership at a Hindu Non-Profit Organization Leads to Outperforming in Indian Microfinance Market. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 16(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16030176
- Bagiada, I. M., Sukarta, M. A. P., Hardika, N. S., & Darmayasa, I. N. (2025). Accrual Accounting Bias Practices As Risk Mitigation In Microfinance Institutions. Jurnal Akuntansi Multiparadigma, 16(2). https://jamal.ub.ac.id/index.php/jamal/article/view/18197
- Baldwin, K. (2025). Traditional Authorities Around the World: Toward a Better Understanding of Their De Facto Power, Downward Accountability, and State Recognition. Annual Review of Political Science, 28(1), 95–114. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-070723-012434
- Belina, A. (2023). Semi-structured interviewing as a tool for understanding informal civil society. Voluntary Sector Review, 14(2), 331–347. https://doi.org/10.1332/204080522X16454629995872
- Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Qualitative Research in Psychology Using thematic analysis in psychology Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
- Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2022). Thematic Analysis: A Practical Guide to Understanding and Doing. SAGE Publications Ltd.
- Burrell, G., & Morgan, G. (1979). Sociological Paradigms and Organisational Analysis (2nd Editio). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315609751
- Cardillo, G., Cavallo, A., & Torluccio, G. (2026). Corporate governance in microfinance institutions: A systematic review of theoretical perspectives, methodological approaches, and empirical evidence. World Development, 206(May), 107455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2026.107455
- Chakhovich, T., & Virtanen, T. (2023). Accountability for sustainability – An institutional entrepreneur as the representative of future stakeholders. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 91(March), 102399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2021.102399
- Chua, W. F. (1986). Radical Development in Accounting Thought. In The Accounting Review (Vol. 61, Issue 4, pp. 601–632). http://www.jstor.org/stable/247360
- Clandinin, D. J., Estefan, A., & Caine, V. (2025). “You Have Some Questions for Me?” considering Qualitative Interviewing. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 24, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069251324170
- Clerkin, B., Quinn, M., & Connolly, C. (2024). Decoupled accounting in a non-profit context: An explanation for stable management accounting? Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 99, 102721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2024.102721
- Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2022). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. In Sage Publications, Inc. Routledge. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=Rkh4EAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=id&source=gbs_ge_summary_nocad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
- Darmayasa, I. N. (2023). Realitas Audit Umum Dan Investigasi Pada Lembaga Perkreditan Desa. Jurnal Akuntansi Multiparadigma, 14(1), 98–114. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jamal.2023.14.1.07
- Darmayasa, I. N., Absari, N. K. M. T. D., & Mandia, I. N. (2021). Nilai Tri Kaya Parisudha Sebagai Fondasi Kepatuhan Pajak Orang Pribadi. Jurnal Riset Dan Aplikasi: Akuntansi Dan Manajemen, 5(2), 129–144. https://doi.org/10.33795/jraam.v5i2.001
- Darmayasa, I. N., Sudarma, M., Suarta, I. M., Atmadja, A. T., Bagiada, I. M., Nusantari, D. A. M. P., Padmawati, I. A. P. S. A., & Sukarta, M. A. P. (2026). Akuntansi Lembaga Perkreditan Desa (LPD): Practical-Based Accounting Berlandaskan Regulasi dann Kearifan Lokal Bali (1st ed.). Penerbit Bima Utama Press.
- Denzin, N. K., Lincoln, Y. S., Giardina, M. D., & Cannella, G. S. (2023). The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research. In Sage Publications, Inc. (6th ed.). Sage Publications, Inc.
- Dewi, N. K. U., Darmayasa, I. N., & Lasmini, N. N. (2024). Realitas Corporate Social Responsibility Berbasis Tri Hita Karana Pada Lembaga Perkreditan Desa Adat Lukluk. COSTING: Journal of Economic, Business and Accounting, 7(6), 10848–10861. https://doi.org/10.31539/costing.v7i6
- Englund, H., Gerdin, J., & Burns, J. (2020). A structuration theory perspective on the interplay between strategy and accounting: Unpacking social continuity and transformation. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 73(2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2017.03.007
- Fuster-Uguet, M., Blázquez-Salom, M., & Font, X. (2026). From eco-social intent to green growth drift: The governance of a sustainable tourism tax. Annals of Tourism Research, 119(June). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2026.104236
- Girei, E. (2023). Managerialisation, accountability and everyday resistance in the NGO sector: Whose interests matter? Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 92(July 2019), 102418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2022.102418
- Hirman, A. A., Putri, D., & Hamidah, H. (2024). Penerapan Good Corporate Governance Berbasis Nilai Budaya Siri’na Pacce sebagai Solusi Penguatan Tata Kelola Perusahaan. Jurnal Riset Dan Aplikasi: Akuntansi Dan Manajemen, 7(2), 245–254. https://doi.org/10.33795/jraam.v7i2.007
- Hopwood, A. G. (1999). Situating the practice of management accounting in its cultural context: an introduction. Accounting, Organizations & Society, 24(5/6), 377–378. www.elsevier.com/locate/aos%0Ahttp://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=11872916&site=ehost-live
- Jha, A., & Aggrawal, V. S. (2018). Community-level CSR implementation through the lens of institutional theory: An empirical study. Qualitative Report, 23(10), 2381–2402. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2018.3503
- Kuhn, T. S. (1962). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. In University of Chicago Press: Vol. II (Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.5840/philstudies196413082
- Kunst, V. E., & Beugelsdijk, S. (2026). The predictive power of agency theory in a multipolar world. International Business Review, 35(1), 102526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102526
- Langley, A., & Meziani, N. (2020). Making Interviews Meaningful. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 56(3), 370–391. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886320937818
- Lehman, G. (2010). Interpretive accounting research. Accounting Forum, 34(3–4), 231–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accfor.2010.08.007
- Mantra, I. B. R. D., Wiksuana, I. G. B., Ramantha, I. W., & Sedana, I. B. P. (2021). Cultural Capital Based on Agency Theory (Study At Village Credit Institutions in Bali). Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal, 25(Special Issue 2), 1–12. https://www.abacademies.org/articles/cultural-capital-based-on-agency-theory-study-at-village-credit-institutions-in-bali.pdf
- Mantra, I. B. R. D., Wiksuana, I. G. B., Ramantha, I. W., & Wiagustini, N. L. P. (2023). The role of cultural capital in improving the financial performance of village credit institutions. Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 11(2), 573–584. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2023.2.007
- Marini, L., Andrew, J., & van der Laan, S. (2018). Accountability practices in microfinance: cultural translation and the role of intermediaries. Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, 31(7), 1904–1931. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-07-2017-3028
- Mulawarman, A. D., & Kamayanti, A. (2018). Towards Islamic Accounting Anthropology: How secular anthropology reshaped accounting in Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 9(4), 629–647. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-02-2015-0004
- Muluneh, H. D., Hudon, M., & Mersland, R. (2020). Board Governance: Does Ownership Matter? Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, 91(1), 5–28. https://doi.org/10.1111/apce.12262
- Norris, E., Kutubi, S., & Greenland, S. (2023). Cultural accountability in the annual report: The case of First Nations entities in Australia. Accounting and Finance, 63(4), 4453–4478. https://doi.org/10.1111/acfi.13101
- Nugrahaningsih, P., & Falikhatun. (2025). Implementasi Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perusahaan Berbasis Kearifan Lokal dalam Bisnis Kuliner Berkelanjutan. Jurnal Riset Dan Aplikasi: Akuntansi Dan Manajemen, 7(3), 335–352. https://doi.org/10.33795/jraam.v7i3.006
- Nurunnabi, M. (2015). The impact of cultural factors on the implementation of global accounting standards (IFRS) in a developing country. Advances in Accounting, 31(1), 136–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adiac.2015.03.015
- Omidiji, A., Redmayne, N. B., Ehalaiye, D., & Gyapong, E. (2024). Internal audit in microfinance institutions- evidence from transitional and developing economies. Economics of Transition and Institutional Change, 32(1), 109–141. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecot.12382
- Pazzi, S., & Svetlova, E. (2023). NGOs, public accountability, and critical accounting education: Making data speak. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 92(September 2019), 102362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2021.102362
- Postelnicu, L., & Hermes, N. (2018). Microfinance Performance and Social Capital: A Cross-Country Analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 153(2), 427–445. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3326-0
- Rayyani, W. O., Basir, B., & Thalib, A. (2022). Implementasi Pengelolaan Keuangan Desa Berbasis Kearifan Lokal. Jurnal Riset Dan Aplikasi: Akuntansi Dan Manajemen, 6(1), 89–100. https://doi.org/10.33795/jraam.v6i1.009
- Risi, D., Vigneau, L., Bohn, S., & Wickert, C. (2023). Institutional theory-based research on corporate social responsibility : Bringing values back in. International Journal of Management Reviews, 25(April 2022), 3–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12299
- Santos, K. da S., Ribeiro, M. C., de Queiroga, D. E. U., da Silva, I. A. P., & Ferreira, S. M. S. (2020). The use of multiple triangulations as a validation strategy in a qualitative study. Ciencia e Saude Coletiva, 25(2), 655–664. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020252.12302018
- Sarmawa, I. W. G., Widyani, A. A. D., Sugianingrat, I. A. P. W., & Martini, I. A. O. (2020). Ethical entrepreneurial leadership and organizational trust for organizational sustainability. Cogent Business and Management, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2020.1818368
- Schlunegger, M. C., Zumstein-Shaha, M., & Palm, R. (2024). Methodologic and Data-Analysis Triangulation in Case Studies: A Scoping Review. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 46(8), 611–622. https://doi.org/10.1177/01939459241263011
- Scobie, M., Lee, B., & Smyth, S. (2023). Grounded accountability and Indigenous self-determination. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 92(xxxx), 102198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2020.102198
- Shea, T. (2021). The potential for qualitative triangulation to mitigate investigative negligence. Police Practice and Research, 23(2), 195–211. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2021.1915786
- Soundy, A. (2024). Social Constructivist Meta-Ethnography - – A Framework Construction. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 23, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069241244863
- Suen, M. H. P., Chow, A. Y. M., & Ng, Y. H. (2025). Using Triadic Interview to Explore Complex Interactional-Based Phenomena. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 24, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069251320578
- Tanima, F. A., Brown, J., & Dillard, J. (2025). Critical dialogic accounting and accountability engagement: Exploring the micropolitics of microfinance and women’s empowerment through participatory action research. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 101(December 2024), 102786. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2024.102786
- Werang, B. R., Agung, A. A. G., Sulindawati, N. L. G. E., Wulandari, I. G. A. A., Sri, A. A. P., Asaloei, S. I., & Deng, J. (2024). Exploring the Practiced Values of Asta Brata Leadership Style: A Phenomenological Study. Qualitative Report, 29(8), 2280–2306. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2024.7465
- Wirasedana, I. W. P., Sudarma, M., Andayani, W., & Mulawarman, A. D. (2024). The role of capital in microfinance financial performance and cultural sustainability. Cogent Business and Management, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2287770
- Wutich, A., Beresford, M., & Bernard, H. R. (2024). Sample Sizes for 10 Types of Qualitative Data Analysis: An Integrative Review, Empirical Guidance, and Next Steps. International Journal of Qualitative Methods , 23, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069241296206
- Yang, L., & Ning, W. (2025). Mechanisms and effects of the sustainable integration of digital-driven rural cultural tourism from the perspective of symbiosis. Sustainable Futures, 10(February), 100867. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sftr.2025.100867
- Zhang, Y., He, L., & Yong, C. (2025). The impact of Party organizations’ participation in corporate governance on the enhancement of corporate resilience. International Review of Economics and Finance, 101(April), 104148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2025.104148
References
Abdul-Rahman, A. R., & Goddard, A. (1998). An Interpretive Inquiry of Accounting Practices in Religious Organisations. Financial Accountability and Management, 14(3), 183–201. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0408.00060
Ahmed, Z. U., Hopper, T., & Wickramasinghe, D. (2023). From Minnow to Mighty: A hegemonic analysis of social accountability in BRAC - the world’s largest development NGO. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 92(July 2022), 102503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2022.102503
Al-Faryan, M. A. S. (2024). Agency theory, corporate governance and corruption: an integrative literature review approach. Cogent Social Sciences, 10(1), 2337893. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2024.2337893
Al-Gamrh, B., Farooq, U., & Ahsan, T. (2024). Beyond the balance sheet: Assessing corporate governance through the Lens of debtholders. International Review of Financial Analysis, 96(PA), 103625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2024.103625
Alawattage, C., Graham, C., & Wickramasinghe, D. (2019). Microaccountability and biopolitics: Microfinance in a Sri Lankan village. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 72, 38–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2018.05.008
Alazzeh, D., & Uddin, S. (2025). Accountability and sovereignty: Financial controls in the Palestine-Israel Indigenous-settler relationship. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 101(December 2024), 102784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2024.102784
Ardiana, P. A., Sujana, I. K., Natalia, S. A. P. D., & Yanthi, K. D. L. (2026). Tri Hita Karana: Balinese local wisdom and its role in the triumph over corruption. Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change, February 2025, 1832–5912. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAOC-11-2023-0182
Ashta, A., & Parekh, N. (2023). Community Leadership at a Hindu Non-Profit Organization Leads to Outperforming in Indian Microfinance Market. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 16(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16030176
Bagiada, I. M., Sukarta, M. A. P., Hardika, N. S., & Darmayasa, I. N. (2025). Accrual Accounting Bias Practices As Risk Mitigation In Microfinance Institutions. Jurnal Akuntansi Multiparadigma, 16(2). https://jamal.ub.ac.id/index.php/jamal/article/view/18197
Baldwin, K. (2025). Traditional Authorities Around the World: Toward a Better Understanding of Their De Facto Power, Downward Accountability, and State Recognition. Annual Review of Political Science, 28(1), 95–114. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-070723-012434
Belina, A. (2023). Semi-structured interviewing as a tool for understanding informal civil society. Voluntary Sector Review, 14(2), 331–347. https://doi.org/10.1332/204080522X16454629995872
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Qualitative Research in Psychology Using thematic analysis in psychology Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2022). Thematic Analysis: A Practical Guide to Understanding and Doing. SAGE Publications Ltd.
Burrell, G., & Morgan, G. (1979). Sociological Paradigms and Organisational Analysis (2nd Editio). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315609751
Cardillo, G., Cavallo, A., & Torluccio, G. (2026). Corporate governance in microfinance institutions: A systematic review of theoretical perspectives, methodological approaches, and empirical evidence. World Development, 206(May), 107455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2026.107455
Chakhovich, T., & Virtanen, T. (2023). Accountability for sustainability – An institutional entrepreneur as the representative of future stakeholders. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 91(March), 102399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2021.102399
Chua, W. F. (1986). Radical Development in Accounting Thought. In The Accounting Review (Vol. 61, Issue 4, pp. 601–632). http://www.jstor.org/stable/247360
Clandinin, D. J., Estefan, A., & Caine, V. (2025). “You Have Some Questions for Me?” considering Qualitative Interviewing. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 24, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069251324170
Clerkin, B., Quinn, M., & Connolly, C. (2024). Decoupled accounting in a non-profit context: An explanation for stable management accounting? Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 99, 102721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2024.102721
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2022). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. In Sage Publications, Inc. Routledge. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=Rkh4EAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=id&source=gbs_ge_summary_nocad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
Darmayasa, I. N. (2023). Realitas Audit Umum Dan Investigasi Pada Lembaga Perkreditan Desa. Jurnal Akuntansi Multiparadigma, 14(1), 98–114. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jamal.2023.14.1.07
Darmayasa, I. N., Absari, N. K. M. T. D., & Mandia, I. N. (2021). Nilai Tri Kaya Parisudha Sebagai Fondasi Kepatuhan Pajak Orang Pribadi. Jurnal Riset Dan Aplikasi: Akuntansi Dan Manajemen, 5(2), 129–144. https://doi.org/10.33795/jraam.v5i2.001
Darmayasa, I. N., Sudarma, M., Suarta, I. M., Atmadja, A. T., Bagiada, I. M., Nusantari, D. A. M. P., Padmawati, I. A. P. S. A., & Sukarta, M. A. P. (2026). Akuntansi Lembaga Perkreditan Desa (LPD): Practical-Based Accounting Berlandaskan Regulasi dann Kearifan Lokal Bali (1st ed.). Penerbit Bima Utama Press.
Denzin, N. K., Lincoln, Y. S., Giardina, M. D., & Cannella, G. S. (2023). The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research. In Sage Publications, Inc. (6th ed.). Sage Publications, Inc.
Dewi, N. K. U., Darmayasa, I. N., & Lasmini, N. N. (2024). Realitas Corporate Social Responsibility Berbasis Tri Hita Karana Pada Lembaga Perkreditan Desa Adat Lukluk. COSTING: Journal of Economic, Business and Accounting, 7(6), 10848–10861. https://doi.org/10.31539/costing.v7i6
Englund, H., Gerdin, J., & Burns, J. (2020). A structuration theory perspective on the interplay between strategy and accounting: Unpacking social continuity and transformation. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 73(2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2017.03.007
Fuster-Uguet, M., Blázquez-Salom, M., & Font, X. (2026). From eco-social intent to green growth drift: The governance of a sustainable tourism tax. Annals of Tourism Research, 119(June). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2026.104236
Girei, E. (2023). Managerialisation, accountability and everyday resistance in the NGO sector: Whose interests matter? Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 92(July 2019), 102418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2022.102418
Hirman, A. A., Putri, D., & Hamidah, H. (2024). Penerapan Good Corporate Governance Berbasis Nilai Budaya Siri’na Pacce sebagai Solusi Penguatan Tata Kelola Perusahaan. Jurnal Riset Dan Aplikasi: Akuntansi Dan Manajemen, 7(2), 245–254. https://doi.org/10.33795/jraam.v7i2.007
Hopwood, A. G. (1999). Situating the practice of management accounting in its cultural context: an introduction. Accounting, Organizations & Society, 24(5/6), 377–378. www.elsevier.com/locate/aos%0Ahttp://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=11872916&site=ehost-live
Jha, A., & Aggrawal, V. S. (2018). Community-level CSR implementation through the lens of institutional theory: An empirical study. Qualitative Report, 23(10), 2381–2402. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2018.3503
Kuhn, T. S. (1962). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. In University of Chicago Press: Vol. II (Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.5840/philstudies196413082
Kunst, V. E., & Beugelsdijk, S. (2026). The predictive power of agency theory in a multipolar world. International Business Review, 35(1), 102526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102526
Langley, A., & Meziani, N. (2020). Making Interviews Meaningful. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 56(3), 370–391. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886320937818
Lehman, G. (2010). Interpretive accounting research. Accounting Forum, 34(3–4), 231–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accfor.2010.08.007
Mantra, I. B. R. D., Wiksuana, I. G. B., Ramantha, I. W., & Sedana, I. B. P. (2021). Cultural Capital Based on Agency Theory (Study At Village Credit Institutions in Bali). Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal, 25(Special Issue 2), 1–12. https://www.abacademies.org/articles/cultural-capital-based-on-agency-theory-study-at-village-credit-institutions-in-bali.pdf
Mantra, I. B. R. D., Wiksuana, I. G. B., Ramantha, I. W., & Wiagustini, N. L. P. (2023). The role of cultural capital in improving the financial performance of village credit institutions. Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 11(2), 573–584. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2023.2.007
Marini, L., Andrew, J., & van der Laan, S. (2018). Accountability practices in microfinance: cultural translation and the role of intermediaries. Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, 31(7), 1904–1931. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-07-2017-3028
Mulawarman, A. D., & Kamayanti, A. (2018). Towards Islamic Accounting Anthropology: How secular anthropology reshaped accounting in Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 9(4), 629–647. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-02-2015-0004
Muluneh, H. D., Hudon, M., & Mersland, R. (2020). Board Governance: Does Ownership Matter? Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, 91(1), 5–28. https://doi.org/10.1111/apce.12262
Norris, E., Kutubi, S., & Greenland, S. (2023). Cultural accountability in the annual report: The case of First Nations entities in Australia. Accounting and Finance, 63(4), 4453–4478. https://doi.org/10.1111/acfi.13101
Nugrahaningsih, P., & Falikhatun. (2025). Implementasi Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perusahaan Berbasis Kearifan Lokal dalam Bisnis Kuliner Berkelanjutan. Jurnal Riset Dan Aplikasi: Akuntansi Dan Manajemen, 7(3), 335–352. https://doi.org/10.33795/jraam.v7i3.006
Nurunnabi, M. (2015). The impact of cultural factors on the implementation of global accounting standards (IFRS) in a developing country. Advances in Accounting, 31(1), 136–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adiac.2015.03.015
Omidiji, A., Redmayne, N. B., Ehalaiye, D., & Gyapong, E. (2024). Internal audit in microfinance institutions- evidence from transitional and developing economies. Economics of Transition and Institutional Change, 32(1), 109–141. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecot.12382
Pazzi, S., & Svetlova, E. (2023). NGOs, public accountability, and critical accounting education: Making data speak. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 92(September 2019), 102362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2021.102362
Postelnicu, L., & Hermes, N. (2018). Microfinance Performance and Social Capital: A Cross-Country Analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 153(2), 427–445. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3326-0
Rayyani, W. O., Basir, B., & Thalib, A. (2022). Implementasi Pengelolaan Keuangan Desa Berbasis Kearifan Lokal. Jurnal Riset Dan Aplikasi: Akuntansi Dan Manajemen, 6(1), 89–100. https://doi.org/10.33795/jraam.v6i1.009
Risi, D., Vigneau, L., Bohn, S., & Wickert, C. (2023). Institutional theory-based research on corporate social responsibility : Bringing values back in. International Journal of Management Reviews, 25(April 2022), 3–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12299
Santos, K. da S., Ribeiro, M. C., de Queiroga, D. E. U., da Silva, I. A. P., & Ferreira, S. M. S. (2020). The use of multiple triangulations as a validation strategy in a qualitative study. Ciencia e Saude Coletiva, 25(2), 655–664. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020252.12302018
Sarmawa, I. W. G., Widyani, A. A. D., Sugianingrat, I. A. P. W., & Martini, I. A. O. (2020). Ethical entrepreneurial leadership and organizational trust for organizational sustainability. Cogent Business and Management, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2020.1818368
Schlunegger, M. C., Zumstein-Shaha, M., & Palm, R. (2024). Methodologic and Data-Analysis Triangulation in Case Studies: A Scoping Review. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 46(8), 611–622. https://doi.org/10.1177/01939459241263011
Scobie, M., Lee, B., & Smyth, S. (2023). Grounded accountability and Indigenous self-determination. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 92(xxxx), 102198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2020.102198
Shea, T. (2021). The potential for qualitative triangulation to mitigate investigative negligence. Police Practice and Research, 23(2), 195–211. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2021.1915786
Soundy, A. (2024). Social Constructivist Meta-Ethnography - – A Framework Construction. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 23, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069241244863
Suen, M. H. P., Chow, A. Y. M., & Ng, Y. H. (2025). Using Triadic Interview to Explore Complex Interactional-Based Phenomena. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 24, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069251320578
Tanima, F. A., Brown, J., & Dillard, J. (2025). Critical dialogic accounting and accountability engagement: Exploring the micropolitics of microfinance and women’s empowerment through participatory action research. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 101(December 2024), 102786. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2024.102786
Werang, B. R., Agung, A. A. G., Sulindawati, N. L. G. E., Wulandari, I. G. A. A., Sri, A. A. P., Asaloei, S. I., & Deng, J. (2024). Exploring the Practiced Values of Asta Brata Leadership Style: A Phenomenological Study. Qualitative Report, 29(8), 2280–2306. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2024.7465
Wirasedana, I. W. P., Sudarma, M., Andayani, W., & Mulawarman, A. D. (2024). The role of capital in microfinance financial performance and cultural sustainability. Cogent Business and Management, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2287770
Wutich, A., Beresford, M., & Bernard, H. R. (2024). Sample Sizes for 10 Types of Qualitative Data Analysis: An Integrative Review, Empirical Guidance, and Next Steps. International Journal of Qualitative Methods , 23, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069241296206
Yang, L., & Ning, W. (2025). Mechanisms and effects of the sustainable integration of digital-driven rural cultural tourism from the perspective of symbiosis. Sustainable Futures, 10(February), 100867. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sftr.2025.100867
Zhang, Y., He, L., & Yong, C. (2025). The impact of Party organizations’ participation in corporate governance on the enhancement of corporate resilience. International Review of Economics and Finance, 101(April), 104148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2025.104148
