PERANCANGAN KONDENSOR STHE PADA TAHAP EVAPORASI PRARANCANGAN PABRIK ASAM SITRAT DARI MOLASE DENGAN KAPASITAS 25000 TON/TAHUN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33795/distilat.v12i2.7483Keywords:
asam sitrat, evaporasi, kondensor, STHEAbstract
Asam sitrat dapat diproduksi melalui fermentasi molase menggunakan Aspergillus niger. Setelah tahap fermentasi, larutan hasil proses akan melalui tahap evaporasi yang menghasilkan uap air dalam jumlah besar. Uap ini perlu dikondensasikan agar tidak terbuang sia-sia dan menjaga kestabilan sistem. Tujuan studi ini adalah menghitung desain kondensor tipe Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger (STHE) pada prarancangan pabrik asam sitrat kapasitas 25.000 ton/tahun. Uap air sebagai fluida panas akan dikondensasikan menggunakan air pendingin. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan, diperoleh kebutuhan luas perpindahan panas sebesar 317 ft². Spesifikasi alat terdiri dari 80 pipa dengan diameter luar 1 in, panjang 6 ft, dan ketebalan BWG 15. Pipa disusun dalam pola pitch segitiga 1¼ in. Shell memiliki diameter dalam 15,25 in dan dilengkapi empat baffle dengan jarak antar baffle 3,81 in. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan nilai ∆T LMTD sebesar 91,75°F, koefisien perpindahan panas total (Uc) sebesar 97,34 BTU/jam.ft².°F, serta pressure drop masih dalam batas aman. Fouling factor juga menunjukkan nilai yang dapat diterima. Kondensor yang dirancang dinyatakan layak digunakan dan dapat meningkatkan efisiensi energi serta kestabilan operasi evaporasi.
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