Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Sunflower Oil Using Sodalite-Based Catalyst via Taguchi Method

Abdul Hamid; Amin Jakfar; Zeni Rahmawati; Muhammad Doni Armansyah; Tri Wahyuni; Tri Esti Purbaningtias; Ike Dayi Febriana; Mohammad Abdullah; Aurista Miftahatul Ilmah; Faizatur Rohmah

doi:10.33795/jtkl.v9i2.7345

Authors

Abdul Hamid Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Madura, Jl. Raya Camplong No. Km 4, Abacateh, Sampang 69281, Indonesia
Amin Jakfar Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Madura, Jl. Raya Camplong No. Km 4, Abacateh, Sampang 69281, Indonesia
Zeni Rahmawati Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
Muhammad Doni Armansyah Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Madura, Jl. Raya Camplong No. Km 4, Abacateh, Sampang 69281, Indonesia
Tri Wahyuni Dharma Wanita 1 Senior High School, JL. Jend. A. Yani No.1 Pare, Kediri 64211, Indonesia
Tri Esti Purbaningtias Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Jalan Kaliurang Km. 14 Sleman, Yogyakarta 55584, Indonesia
Ike Dayi Febriana Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Madura, Jl. Raya Camplong No. Km 4, Abacateh, Sampang 69281, Indonesia
Mohammad Abdullah Department of Maritime Technology, Politeknik Negeri Madura, Jl. Raya Camplong No. Km 4, Abacateh, Sampang 69281, Indonesia
Aurista Miftahatul Ilmah Department of Maritime Technology, Politeknik Negeri Madura, Jl. Raya Camplong No. Km 4, Abacateh, Sampang 69281, Indonesia
Faizatur Rohmah Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Madura, Jl. Raya Camplong No. Km 4, Abacateh, Sampang 69281, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33795/jtkl.v9i2.7345

Keywords:

biodiesel, heterogeneous catalyst, sodalite, sunflower oil, Taguchi method

Abstract

The growing demand for alternative fuels has highlighted biodiesel as sustainable substitute for fossil diesel. In this study, biodiesel was produced from sunflower seed oil using heterogeneous catalyst synthesized from natural kaolin into sodalite via hydrothermal process. The synthesized catalyst was characterized using XRD, FTIR and SEM-EDS, confirming the transformation of kaolinite to sodalite. The transesterification reaction was conducted under varying methanol-to-oil molar ratios (1:12, 1:18, and 1:24) and temperatures (60, 65, and 70°C). A Taguchi orthogonal array (L9) was employed to statistically evaluate the effects of these parameters on methyl ester yield. Experimental results showed that both methanol ratio and reaction temperature significantly influenced biodiesel yield, with the highest yield of 90.44% obtained at 70°C and 1:18 molar ratio. Signal-to-noise ratio and ANOVA analysis indicated that the methanol-to-oil ratio was the most dominant factor (46.05%) compared to temperature (40.55%). The resulting biodiesel exhibited a flash point of 158°C, acid value of 0.06 mg-KOH/g, and iodine value of 84.06 g-I₂/100g, satisfying most ASTM D6751 and SNI 7182:2015 standards, though viscosity and density exceeded standard limits. Emission testing showed 16% reduction in CO emissions with increasing biodiesel blends, while NO and NO_x emissions slightly increased.

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