Implementasi Kontrol Kecepatan Motor DC pada Sistem Pemotong Pita Otomatis menggunakan Mikrokontroler : Implementasi Kontrol Kecepatan Motor DC pada Sistem Pemotong Pita Otomatis menggunakan Mikrokontroler

Imam Saukani; Agus Sukoco Heru Sumarno; Achmad Zaini; Prasetyo Hermawan

doi:10.33795/elposys.v13i1.8818

Authors

Imam Saukani Politeknik Negeri Malang
Agus Sukoco Heru Sumarno Politeknik Negeri Malang
Achmad Zaini Politeknik Negeri Malang
Prasetyo Hermawan Politeknik Negeri Malang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33795/elposys.v13i1.8818

Keywords:

Automatic ribbon cutting, PID control, ESP32 microcontroller, SME production, precision engineering

Abstract

This study presents the design and implementation of an automatic ribbon cutting system aimed at enhancing precision and efficiency in small and medium enterprise (SME) production processes. The system employs an ESP32 microcontroller, a rotary encoder, and a DC motor governed by a proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control algorithm to maintain consistent cutting lengths. Experimental evaluations were conducted for setpoint lengths ranging from 50 to 100 cm at 5 cm intervals. PID parameters were systematically optimized, with a proportional gain of Kp = 0.03 achieving the lowest mean error of ±0.2 cm. Results indicate a substantial improvement in cutting accuracy compared to operations without PID control, with typical error tolerances ≤1 cm. This paper details the mechanical design, control system architecture, PID tuning methodology, and experimental performance analysis. The primary contribution lies in demonstrating the integration of PID control in an accessible and replicable ribbon cutting system suitable for SME applications.

References

M. Yantidewi, B. Jatmiko, I. Sucahyo, A. Kholiq, N. A. Lestari, and U. A. Deta, “Getting to Know the Last Five Years Trend on Microcontroller Research: A Bibliometric Analysis,” J Phys Conf Ser, vol. 2110, no. 1, p. 012006, Nov. 2021, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/2110/1/012006.

F. Bleicher, D. Biermann, W.-G. Drossel, H.-C. Moehring, and Y. Altintas, “Sensor and actuator integrated tooling systems,” CIRP Annals, vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 673–696, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.cirp.2023.05.009.

J. Chen, M. N. Omidvar, M. Azad, and X. Yao, “Knowledge-based particle swarm optimization for PID controller tuning,” in 2017 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), IEEE, Jun. 2017, pp. 1819–1826. doi: 10.1109/CEC.2017.7969522.

B. Verma and P. K. Padhy, “Robust Fine Tuning of Optimal PID Controller With Guaranteed Robustness,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 67, no. 6, pp. 4911–4920, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.1109/TIE.2019.2924603.

K. J. Alaameri, A. J. Ramadhan, A. S. Maklakov, and V. R. Gasiyarov, “Design of PID controller for liquid level in tanks using tia portal and FACTORY I/O programs,” 2023, p. 020103. doi: 10.1063/5.0181881.

Y.-C. Chen and S.-C. Shen, “Design and Fabrication of High Resolution Diffractive Optical Encoder,” Journal of the Chinese Society of Mechanical Engineers, vol. 39, no. 3, p. 311, 2018.

U. A. Ungku Amirulddin, N. F. Ab Aziz, M. Z. Baharuddin, F. H. Nordin, and M. N. S. Johari, “Development of a WiFi Smart Socket and Mobile Application for Energy Consumption Monitoring,” 2020, pp. 107–114. doi: 10.1007/978-981-15-1289-6_10.

O. Vdovichenko and A. Perepelitsyn, “Analysis of Nomenclature of Microcontrollers: Decision-Making During Building of Home Automation Elements,” 2025, pp. 520–532. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-94845-9_43.

Y.-C. Luo, S.-Y. Xie, C.-H. Lin, and Y.-P. Kuo, “Speed Estimation of Direct Torque Control Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive Based on Back Electromotive Force,” Sensors and Materials, vol. 33, no. 1, p. 357, Jan. 2021, doi: 10.18494/SAM.2021.3019.

Denis, Y. Christyono, Y. A. Adi Soetrisno, and A. F. Surya Pratama, “Design Analysis of Brushless Direct Current Motors Made of Copper and Aluminum Conductors For Better Performance and Cost-Effectiveness,” in 2024 11th International Conference on Information Technology, Computer, and Electrical Engineering (ICITACEE), IEEE, Aug. 2024, pp. 82–89. doi: 10.1109/ICITACEE62763.2024.10761963.

V. R. Sree Ezhil et al., “Investigation on PID controller usage on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for stability control,” Mater Today Proc, vol. 66, pp. 1313–1318, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.05.134.

R. Betala and S. P. Nangrani, “Comparison of Performance of Fractional Order PID Controller with Conventional Controller for Industrial Applications,” in 2023 IEEE International Conference on Integrated Circuits and Communication Systems (ICICACS), IEEE, Feb. 2023, pp. 1–6. doi: 10.1109/ICICACS57338.2023.10099955.

I. A. Abdul Jamil and M. Moghavvemi, “Optimization of PID Controller Tuning method using Evolutionary Algorithms,” in 2021 Innovations in Power and Advanced Computing Technologies (i-PACT), IEEE, Nov. 2021, pp. 1–7. doi: 10.1109/i-PACT52855.2021.9696875.

S. R. Ahamed, P. Parumasivam, M. S. H. Lipu, M. A. Hannan, and P. J. Ker, “A comparative evaluation of PID-based optimisation controller algorithms for DC motor,” International Journal of Automation and Control, vol. 14, no. 5/6, p. 634, 2020, doi: 10.1504/IJAAC.2020.110076.

N. Johnson, K. J. Mohan, K. E. Janson, and J. Jose, “Optimization of incremental optical encoder pulse processing,” in 2013 International Mutli-Conference on Automation, Computing, Communication, Control and Compressed Sensing (iMac4s), IEEE, Mar. 2013, pp. 769–773. doi: 10.1109/iMac4s.2013.6526510.