Strategi Kendali Daya Baterai-Superkapasitor Berbasis Variable Time Constant dengan Pendekatan Gradien

Ariq Kusuma Wardana; Imron Ridzki; Arinalhaq Fatachul Aziiz; Ricto Yudi Wicaksono

doi:10.33795/elposys.v13i2.9690

Authors

Ariq Kusuma Wardana Politeknik Negeri Malang
Imron Ridzki Department of Electrical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Malang
Arinalhaq Fatachul Aziiz Department of Electrical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Malang
Ricto Yudi Wicaksono Department of Control Computer Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Madiun

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33795/elposys.v13i2.9690

Keywords:

Variable Time Constant (VTC), Gradient Method, Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS)

Abstract

Photovoltaic (PV) power generation is inherently intermittent, causing power fluctuations that can degrade DC-bus voltage stability and overall system performance. To address this issue, this study proposes an adaptive variable time constant (VTC) control strategy with a gradient-based approach for battery–supercapacitor power management in a stand-alone PV system. In the proposed method, the low-pass filter (LPF) frequency is adjusted adaptively according to the gradient of the total compensation current. A higher gradient increases the LPF frequency to improve transient response, while a lower gradient helps maintain stable operation and supports balanced power sharing between the battery and supercapacitor. The proposed strategy was evaluated in MATLAB/Simulink under two irradiation-change scenarios, namely undershoot (1000 to 750 W/m²) and overshoot (750 to 1000 W/m²), and compared with fixed time constant (FTC) methods. The results show that the proposed VTC strategy yields the lowest average DC-bus voltage deviation of 9.50%, compared with 9.66% for FTC minimum and 9.68% for FTC maximum. In addition, it maintains a low average supercapacitor state-of-charge deviation of 0.0150%, equal to FTC maximum and significantly lower than FTC minimum (0.1628%). These findings indicate that the proposed adaptive VTC strategy improves voltage regulation while maintaining effective battery-supercapacitor power sharing under dynamic PV operating conditions.

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