Balancing Load Outgoing Transformator 2 di Politeknik Negeri Malang
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33795/elposys.v10i3.4266Keywords:
Kualitas daya, ketidakseimbangan beban, penyeimbanganAbstract
In an electric power system, power quality is a major problem. One of the problems is load imbalance. According to IEEE (Institute of electrical and electronic engineer) number 446-1995 for load unbalance the limit value ranges from 5% to 20% on all phases. The monitoring panel system is useful for facilitating monitoring of power quality in real time so that the efficiency of electrical energy can be maintained. The object of this research is the load on Outgoing Transformer 2 at State Polytechnic of Malang. Measurements were carried out for 7 days. On Friday the average unbalanced load value is 6.75% with a neutral current of 34.4 A and conductor losses of 0.071 kW, while for 6 days it is classified as a balanced load with an average of 3.54-4.76% with neutral current of 10.5-24.6 A and conductor losses of 0.007-0.036 kW. So according to the IEEE standard std 446-1995 the Unbalance load value does not meet the standard on Friday, which exceeds the minimum standard of 5%. To get balanced loading results, it is necessary to carry out load balancing actions, namely by means of balancing. The recommendation for balancing is to move from phase R to phase S of 4.043 A and phase T of 2.695 A. After balancing, the % unbalanced load is obtained with an average of 3%, meaning that this load is classified as balanced with a neutral current of 13.44 A and losses conductor 0.014 kW.
References
A. Traca de Almeida, L. Moreira, and J. Delgado, “Power Quality Problems and New Solutions,” Renew. Energy Power Qual. J., vol. 1, no. 01, pp. 25–33, Apr. 2003, doi: 10.24084/repqj01.004.
H. Pham, Ed., Handbook of Reliability Engineering. London: Springer London, 2003. doi: 10.1007/b97414.
A. Terciyanli et al., “A Current Source Converter-Based Active Power Filter for Mitigation of Harmonics at the Interface of Distribution and Transmission Systems,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 1374–1386, Jul. 2012, doi: 10.1109/TIA.2012.2200009.
D. Krupenev, D. Boyarkin, and D. Iakubovskii, “Improvement in the computational efficiency of a technique for assessing the reliability of electric power systems based on the Monte Carlo method,” Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf., vol. 204, p. 107171, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.ress.2020.107171.
J. Pan, J. Liu, X. Chen, and K. Zhong, “Three-phase unbalanced load control based on load–electricity transfer index,” Energy Reports, vol. 7, pp. 312–318, Apr. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.egyr.2021.01.064.
W. Jewell, “Electrical power systems quality, 2nd edition [Book Review],” IEEE Power Energy Mag., vol. 1, no. 5, pp. 63–64, Sep. 2003, doi: 10.1109/MPAE.2003.1231693.
M. H. Albadi, A. S. Al Hinai, A. H. Al-Badi, M. S. Al Riyami, S. M. Al Hinai, and R. S. Al Abri, “Unbalance in power systems: Case study,” in 2015 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT), IEEE, Mar. 2015, pp. 1407–1411. doi: 10.1109/ICIT.2015.7125294.
M. Chindris, A. Cziker, A. Miron, H. Balan, and A. Sudria, “Propagation of unbalance in electric power systems,” in 2007 9th International Conference on Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation, IEEE, Oct. 2007, pp. 1–5. doi: 10.1109/EPQU.2007.4424221.
Shan Zhong and A. Abur, “Effects of nontransposed lines and unbalanced loads on state estimation,” in 2002 IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.02CH37309), IEEE, pp. 975–979. doi: 10.1109/PESW.2002.985151.
S. Jiao, K. R. Ramachandran Potti, K. Rajashekara, and S. K. Pramanick, “A Novel DROGI-Based Detection Scheme for Power Quality Improvement Using Four-Leg Converter Under Unbalanced Loads,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 815–825, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.1109/TIA.2019.2942798.
N. Dey and A. K. Chakraborty, “Neutral Current and Neutral Voltage in Three Phase Four Wire Distribution System of a Technical Institution,” Int. J. Comput. Appl., vol. 72, no. 3, pp. 1–7, Jun. 2013, doi: 10.5120/12471-8864.
J. Chen, T. Yang, C. O’Loughlin, and T. O’Donnell, “Neutral Current Minimization Control for Solid State Transformers Under Unbalanced Loads in Distribution Systems,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 66, no. 10, pp. 8253–8262, Oct. 2019, doi: 10.1109/TIE.2018.2883266.
L. F. Ochoa, R. M. Ciric, A. Padilha-Feltrin, and G. P. Harrison, “Evaluation of distribution system losses due to load unbalance,” 15th Power Syst. Comput. Conf. PSCC 2005, p. 6, 2005, [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259827574_LFOchoa_RMCiric_APFeltrin_GP_Harrison_Evaluation_of_Distribution_System_Losses_due_to_Load_Unbalance_Power_System_Computation_Conference_PSCC_2005_session_10_paper_6_26-28_August_2005_Liege_Belgium
L. Zhou et al., “Multi‐objective optimisation operation of thermostatically controllable appliances for voltage management in low‐voltage distribution networks,” IET Gener. Transm. Distrib., vol. 13, no. 21, pp. 4767–4777, Nov. 2019, doi: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2019.0814.
A. Eren and A. M. Vural, “Arm cortex M4 microprocessors based ± 100 kVAR energy quality regulator for reactive power/neutral current compensation, load balancing and harmonic mitigation,” Eng. Sci. Technol. an Int. J., vol. 27, p. 101018, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.jestch.2021.05.022.
E. Gursoy, O. Gul, and A. Kaypmaz, “Power quality and neutral currents in three-phase power systems,” in PowerTech Budapest 99. Abstract Records. (Cat. No.99EX376), IEEE, p. 222. doi: 10.1109/PTC.1999.826654.
Y.-D. Lee, J.-L. Jiang, Y.-H. Ho, W.-C. Lin, H.-C. Chih, and W.-T. Huang, “Neutral Current Reduction in Three-Phase Four-Wire Distribution Feeders by Optimal Phase Arrangement Based on a Full-Scale Net Load Model Derived from the FTU Data,” Energies, vol. 13, no. 7, p. 1844, Apr. 2020, doi: 10.3390/en13071844.
C. H. Lin et al., “Optimal Phase Arrangement of Distribution Feeders Using Immune Algorithm,” in 2007 International Conference on Intelligent Systems Applications to Power Systems, IEEE, Nov. 2007, pp. 1–6. doi: 10.1109/ISAP.2007.4441596.
J. Arias, M. Calle, D. Turizo, J. Guerrero, and J. Candelo-Becerra, “Historical Load Balance in Distribution Systems Using the Branch and Bound Algorithm,” Energies, vol. 12, no. 7, p. 1219, Mar. 2019, doi: 10.3390/en12071219.
IEEE, IEEE 446-1995 Recommended Practice for Emergency and Standby Power Systems for Industrial and, vol. 1995. 2000. doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.1996.85950.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Elposys: Jurnal Sistem Kelistrikan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
