Analisis perbandingan arus starting motor induksi 3 fasa

Authors

  • Linda Sartika Universitas Borneo Tarakan
  • Abdul Muis Prasetia Universitas Borneo Tarakan
  • Muhammad Allriz Akbar Universitas Borneo Tarakan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33795/eltek.v23i2.6461

Keywords:

Motor induksi 3 fasa, Direct on line, Wye delta, Variable speed drive, Tahanan dalam

Abstract

Motor induksi tiga fasa merupakan motor yang mengubah energi listrik menjadi energi mekanik dan banyak digunakan pada industri kecil maupun besar sebagai penggerak. Dalam pengoperasiannya, motor induksi tiga fasa memiliki tantangan berupa lonjakan arus yang tinggi saat starting, yang dapat menyebabkan penurunan tegangan pada sistem distribusi dan mengganggu peralatan lain yang terhubung. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perbandingan arus starting motor induksi tiga fasa menggunakan empat metode berbeda: DOL, Wye Delta, VSD, dan tahanan dalam. Metode penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan pengujian langsung pada motor induksi tiga fasa rotor belitan. Parameter yang diukur meliputi arus, tegangan, dan faktor daya saat starting dan saat motor beroperasi normal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keempat metode menghasilkan karakteristik arus starting yang berbeda: DOL sebesar 1,5 A, Wye Delta 0,9 hingga 1,9 A, VSD 1,2 A, dan tahanan dalam sebesar 2 A. Metode Wye Delta terbukti paling efektif dalam mengendalikan lonjakan arus saat starting karena menggunakan dua konfigurasi yang memungkinkan pengurangan arus secara bertahap. Penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi pemilihan metode starting yang sesuai untuk aplikasi industri dengan mempertimbangkan kebutuhan pengendalian arus awal.

 

ABSTRACT
Three-phase induction motors convert electrical energy into mechanical energy and are widely used as prime movers in both small and large industrial applications. During operation, three-phase induction motors face challenges related to high current surges during starting, which can cause voltage drops in distribution systems and disrupt connected equipment. This research aims to analyze and compare the starting current of three-phase induction motors using four different methods: DOL, Wye Delta, VSD, and internal resistance. The research methodology was conducted experimentally with direct testing on a wound rotor three-phase induction motor. Parameters measured included current, voltage, and power factor during starting and normal operation. The results show that the four methods produce different starting current characteristics: DOL at 1.5 A, Wye Delta at 0.9 to 1.9 A, VSD at 1.2 A, and internal resistance at 2 A. The Wye Delta method proved most effective in controlling current surges during starting because it uses two configurations that allow for gradual current reduction. This research provides recommendations for selecting appropriate starting methods for industrial applications by considering initial current control requirements.

References

M. Prasetia and H. Santoso, “Implementation of Scalar Control Method for 3 Phase Induction Motor Speed Control,” Elinvo (Electronics, Informatics, Vocational Education), vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 63–69, 2018, doi: 10.21831/elinvo.v3i1.19460.

D. Novianto, E. Zondra, and H. Yuvendius, “Analisis Efisiensi Motor Induksi Tiga Phasa Sebagai Penggerak Vacuum Di PT. Pindo Deli Perawang,” SainETIn: Jurnal Sains, Energi, Teknologi, dan Industri, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 73–80, 2022.

N. O. Sinaga, S. Sunarto, and S. Sudrajat, “Rancang Bangun Direct Online Pembalik Putaran Motor Induksi Putaran Rendah Gearbox,” in Proc. Industrial Research Workshop and National Seminar, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 198–203, Aug. 2024.

M. A. Sheikh, S. T. Bakhsh, M. Irfan, et al., “A Review to Diagnose Faults Related to Three-Phase Industrial Induction Motors,” J. Fail. Anal. Prev., vol. 22, pp. 1546–1557, 2022, doi: 10.1007/s11668-022-01445-2.

R. Silaen and J. L. Hutabarat, “Pengaruh Perubahan Beban Terhadap Putaran dan Daya Masuk Motor Induksi Tiga Fasa,” J. ELPOTECS, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1–15, 2021.

Z. P. Analisis Perbandingan and Z. Pelawi, “Analisis Perbandingan Arus Motor Induksi Rotor Sangkar Dua Kutub Dengan Empat Kutub,” J. Electr. Technol., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 127–135, 2021.

H. Putranto, M. N. H. Taopik, and S. T. Sujito, Modul Mesin-Mesin Listrik. MNC Publishing, 2025.

R. A. R. Ufun, I. D. P. Karyatanti, and B. Y. Dewantara, “Detection of Stator Winding Short Circuit Faults Through Magnetic Fields in Induction Motors,” JEEE-U, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 89–102, 2021.

F. Umam, S. T. Hairil Budiarto, A. Dafid, and A. Md, Motor Listrik. MNC Publishing, 2021.

N. Sukarma, I. K. Ta, and I. M. Sajayasa, “Comparison of Three Phase Induction Motor Start Using DOL, Star Delta and VSD Altivar61,” in J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., vol. 1450, no. 1, p. 012045, Feb. 2020, IOP Publishing.

Y. Siregar, Y. R. O. Siahaan, N. N. B. Mohamed, D. C. Riawan, and M. Yuhendri, “Design of Starting a Three Phase Induction Motor Using Direct On-Line, Variable Frequency Drive, Soft Starting, and Auto Transformer Methods,” Indones. J. Electr. Eng. Comput. Sci., vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 700–714, 2025.

E. B. Emmanuel, O. O. Olusanya, C. B. Fiemobebefa, and G. N. Obiora, “Investigation of the Effect of Star-Delta Starting on AC Induction Motors Efficiency and Power Factor,” in 2024 IEEE 5th Int. Conf. Electro-Computing Technologies for Humanity (NIGERCON), pp. 1–5, Nov. 2024.

R. Harahap and K. T. Damayanti, “Analysis of Comparison Between Direct Starting Method (Direct on Line) with Variable Speed Drive (VSD) in Three-Phase Induction Motors,” in Proc. Int. Conf. Sci. Technol. UISU, pp. 35–39, Aug. 2024.

M. A. Satria, S. Safaruddin, and A. D. Andre, “Analisa Sistem Starting DOL (Direct on Line) Pada Motor Listrik PT. Semen Baturaja,” J. Multidisipliner BHARASUMBA, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 395–402, 2022.

M. Arifin and U. Umar, “Analisis Perbandingan Arus Starting Motor Induksi 3 Fasa Rangkaian Star Delta dengan Variable Frequency Drive,” Prosiding Simposium Nasional Rekayasa Aplikasi Perancangan dan Industri, pp. 189–195, 2021.

Dani and D. Erivianto, “Studi Perbandingan Arus Start Motor Induksi Sistem Pengasutan DOL dan Star Delta Menggunakan Automation Studio,” J. Indones. Sos. Teknol., vol. 4, no. 4, 2023.

V. N. Meshcheryakov, A. A. Muravyev, A. I. Boikov, and V. V. Pikalov, “The Soft Starting System for an Induction Motor with an Induction Resistance in the Wound Rotor Circuit,” in 2019 Int. Multi-Conf. Ind. Eng. Modern Technol. (FarEastCon), pp. 1–5, Oct. 2019.

S. Riyanto and Supriadi, “Analisa Starting Motor Induksi Tiga Fasa 5 HP Menggunakan Metode Hubung Langsung/DOL (Direct On Line) di PDAM Kampung Bugis Tarakan,” Semin. Nas. Ind. Teknol., vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 311–318, 2020.

Downloads

Published

2025-10-28

How to Cite

[1]
L. Sartika, A. M. Prasetia, and M. A. Akbar, “Analisis perbandingan arus starting motor induksi 3 fasa”, eltek, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 46–52, Oct. 2025.