Optimasi sistem deteksi kebocoran pipa distribusi air bersih secara real-time menggunakan LoRa Ebyte E220-400T22D dan visualisasi webserver

Isa Mahfudi; Muhammad Syirajuddin Sujai; Rifqi Ihza Syahputra; Dhava Wirayuda

doi:10.33795/eltek.v23i2.8683

Authors

Isa Mahfudi Politeknik Negeri Malang
Muhammad Syirajuddin Sujai Politeknik Negeri Malang
Rifqi Ihza Syahputra Politeknik Negeri Malang
Dhava Wirayuda Politeknik Negeri Malang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33795/eltek.v23i2.8683

Keywords:

Deteksi kebocoran, Fusi sensor, Internet of Things (IoT), LoRa E220, Sensor flowmeter, Sensor Pressure Transmitter

Abstract

Kebocoran pada jaringan distribusi air bersih menjadi salah satu penyebab utama tingginya angka non-revenue water (NRW), yang berdampak pada kerugian finansial dan inefisiensi distribusi. Penelitian ini mengembangkan sistem deteksi kebocoran pipa berbasis fusi sensor (flowmeter dan pressure transmitter) yang diintegrasikan dengan modul komunikasi LoRa Ebyte E220-400T22D. Sistem dirancang menggunakan mikrokontroler ESP32 sebagai pusat pemrosesan, katup solenoid sebagai aktuator, serta web server sebagai media pemantauan real-time. Algoritma fusi sensor menggabungkan data debit dan tekanan untuk meningkatkan akurasi deteksi serta mengurangi false alarm. Hasil kalibrasi menunjukkan rata-rata galat sensor ±2%, masih dalam batas toleransi standar (<5%). Pengujian sistem pada kondisi normal memperlihatkan selisih debit dan tekanan yang sangat kecil (<1%), sehingga dikategorikan normal. Pada skenario kebocoran sisi pelanggan, sistem mengklasifikasikan tiga kondisi, yaitu normal (0 mm), mencurigakan (0,5 mm), dan terindikasi kebocoran (≥1,0 mm), dengan respons otomatis menutup katup solenoid. Uji komunikasi LoRa menunjukkan performa optimal pada jarak 100–800 m, dengan RSSI −55 hingga −92 dBm, PDR ≥90%, dan latensi ≤100 ms. Di atas jarak tersebut, kualitas komunikasi menurun signifikan hingga pesan gagal diterima pada 1.500 m. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sistem mampu mendeteksi kebocoran secara efektif sekaligus mendukung pemantauan jaringan distribusi air berbasis IoT dengan komunikasi yang andal.

ABSTRACT

Leaks in potable-water distribution networks are a major contributor to non-revenue water (NRW), leading to financial losses and distribution inefficiency. This study develops a real-time pipe-leak detection system based on sensor fusion of a flowmeter and a pressure transmitter, integrated with a LoRa Ebyte E220-400T22D communication module. The system employs an ESP32 microcontroller as the processing unit, a solenoid valve as the actuator, and a web server for real-time monitoring. The fusion algorithm combines flow and pressure signals to improve detection accuracy and reduce false alarms. Calibration results show an average sensor error of ±2%, within the standard tolerance (<5%). Under normal operating conditions, the difference in flow and pressure is very small (<1%), and is therefore classified as normal. For customer-side leakage scenarios, the system distinguishes three states: normal (0 mm), suspicious (0.5 mm), and indicated leak (≥1.0 mm), with an automatic response that closes the solenoid valve. LoRa communication tests indicate optimal performance at distances of 100–800 m, with RSSI ranging from −55 to −92 dBm, packet delivery ratio (PDR) ≥ 90%, and latency ≤ 100 ms. Beyond this range, communication quality degrades significantly, and messages may fail at 1,500 m. These findings demonstrate that the proposed system can effectively detect leaks while supporting reliable IoT-based monitoring of water distribution networks

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