Techno-Environmental Assessment of Basil Essential Oil Extraction Using Hydrodistillation, Microwave-Assisted Extraction, and Ultrasound-Microwave-Assisted Extraction

Alifah Nur Aini Fajrin; Aynia Ayu Nur Afifah; Muhammad Taufiq Qurrokhman; Nur Ikhtiarini; Nove Kartika Erliyanti

doi:10.33795/jtkl.v10i2.10465

Authors

Alifah Nur Aini Fajrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur, Jalan Raya Rungkut Madya Gunung Anyar, Surabaya 60294, Indonesia
Aynia Ayu Nur Afifah Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur, Jalan Raya Rungkut Madya Gunung Anyar, Surabaya 60294, Indonesia
Muhammad Taufiq Qurrokhman Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur, Jalan Raya Rungkut Madya Gunung Anyar, Surabaya 60294, Indonesia
Nur Ikhtiarini Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur, Jalan Raya Rungkut Madya Gunung Anyar, Surabaya 60294, Indonesia
Nove Kartika Erliyanti Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur, Jalan Raya Rungkut Madya Gunung Anyar, Surabaya 60294, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33795/jtkl.v10i2.10465

Keywords:

basil essential oil, CO2 emission, microwave-assisted extraction, specific electricity consumption, ultrasound-microwave-assisted extraction

Abstract

This study evaluated the techno-environmental performance of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) essential oil extraction using hydrodistillation (HD), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and ultrasound-microwave-assisted extraction (UMAE). The assessment focused on electricity consumption, specific electricity consumption, CO₂ emission, and specific CO₂ emission, while yield and essential oil mass were used as supporting parameters for normalization. UMAE produced the highest essential oil mass of 0.747 g with a yield of 2.489%, followed by MAE at 0.234 g and 0.780%, and HD at 0.206 g and 0.687%. UMAE also required the lowest electricity consumption of 0.345 kWh, compared with 0.450 kWh for MAE and 2.000 kWh for HD. On a product-mass basis, UMAE showed the lowest specific electricity consumption and specific CO₂ emission, reaching 0.462 kWh/g EO and 0.370 kg CO₂/g EO, respectively. These results indicate that ultrasound pretreatment followed by microwave extraction can improve energy efficiency and reduce electricity-related CO₂ emission intensity in basil essential oil extraction.

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