Correction and Retraction

Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan (JTKL) is committed to preserving the accuracy, reliability, and integrity of the scientific record. Corrections or other editorial actions may be necessary when errors, omissions, or potential violations of research and publication ethics are identified in published articles. Authors, readers, reviewers, and other interested parties are encouraged to report suspected errors or concerns to the Editor-in-Chief, accompanied by a clear explanation and relevant supporting evidence. All reports will be evaluated objectively and handled in accordance with applicable publication ethics principles and guidance from the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). When necessary, the editorial team may consult the authors, independent experts, editorial board members, or the authors' affiliated institutions before reaching a decision.

Corrections
A correction will be published when an error in a published article affects its accuracy, interpretation, or clarity but does not fundamentally undermine the validity of its main findings or conclusions. A corrigendum may be issued to address errors originating from the authors, whereas an erratum may be used for errors introduced during the journal's editorial or production process. Each correction notice will identify the affected article, describe the error, and explain the changes made. The notice will be permanently linked to the original publication to ensure transparency and enable readers to understand the nature and extent of the correction. Any amendments to the published content will be handled in a manner that maintains a clear and traceable publication history.

Retractions
Retraction may be necessary when reliable evidence indicates that the findings or conclusions of a published article are substantially unreliable due to major errors, fabricated data, falsified results, or other serious problems. Retraction may also be considered in cases involving plagiarism, duplicate or redundant publication, unethical research practices, or other significant breaches of publication ethics. Decisions will be based on a careful assessment of the available evidence and the potential impact on the scientific record. A formal retraction notice will identify the affected article, explain the reasons for retraction, and indicate the party initiating the retraction where appropriate. Whenever possible, the notice will distinguish between unintentional errors and deliberate misconduct. The original article will generally remain accessible for the sake of the scholarly record but will be clearly marked as retracted and linked to the retraction notice.

Expressions of Concern
An expression of concern may be issued when credible questions arise regarding the reliability or ethical integrity of a published article, but the available evidence is insufficient to support an immediate correction or retraction. This action may also be appropriate when a formal investigation is still in progress or its completion is expected to take considerable time. The notice will describe the nature of the concerns and be linked to the relevant article. Once additional evidence becomes available or the investigation is completed, the journal will review the case and determine whether further action, such as a correction or retraction, is warranted. The expression of concern will be updated or replaced when appropriate.

Responsibilities of Authors and the Editorial Team
Authors are expected to cooperate fully with JTKL in resolving post-publication concerns by providing relevant research data, original records, methodological details, and explanations when requested. The Editor-in-Chief and editorial team are responsible for assessing reported concerns fairly, maintaining appropriate confidentiality during investigations, and communicating editorial decisions clearly to the parties involved. Where necessary, the journal may contact the authors' affiliated institutions or other relevant organizations to obtain additional information or request a formal investigation.

Through these procedures, JTKL seeks to ensure that errors and ethical concerns are addressed appropriately, that editorial actions are transparent and proportionate to the evidence, and that the credibility and integrity of the scientific literature in chemical engineering and environmental engineering are maintained.