Corrections and Retractions

The editors issue corrections, clarifications, retractions, and apologies when necessary, as stated in the journal's Code of Ethics. The journal follows the guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

Corrections

If an error in a published article does not affect its findings or conclusions, for example an error in a figure, a reference, or an author's name, a correction notice is published and linked to the article. The corrected article keeps its DOI and a note describing the change.

Expression of concern

If there is credible but not yet proven evidence of a serious problem, the editors may publish an expression of concern linked to the article while the matter is investigated.

Retraction

An article may be retracted when its findings are unreliable because of serious error, fabrication or falsification, plagiarism, duplicate publication, or a serious ethical violation. A retracted article remains accessible, but is clearly marked as retracted, with a retraction notice that states the reason and who requested it. The DOI of the article does not change.