Corrections & Retractions

JARTEL maintains the integrity of the scholarly record. Published articles are not altered silently; any change after publication is made through a formal, linked notice in accordance with COPE Retraction Guidelines.

Correction (Erratum / Corrigendum)

A correction is issued when an error affects part of an article but does not invalidate its main findings, for example errors in a figure, table, equation, author name, or affiliation. Authors who discover an error should contact the editor promptly. The correction notice is published in the next issue and linked to the original article, which is updated with a note.

Expression of Concern

An expression of concern may be published when there is inconclusive evidence of misconduct or when an investigation is ongoing.

Retraction

An article is retracted when there is clear evidence that its findings are unreliable due to major error or misconduct, or in cases of plagiarism, duplicate publication, data fabrication or falsification, unethical research, or serious copyright infringement.

• A retraction notice stating the reason and who initiated the retraction is published and linked to the article.
• The original article remains online, marked "RETRACTED" on every page, so that the record is preserved.
• Retraction metadata is updated in Crossref and indexing services.

Article Withdrawal by Authors

Authors may withdraw a manuscript before acceptance by submitting a written request signed by all authors. Withdrawal after acceptance requires a strong justification and the approval of the Editor-in-Chief.